HOWTOIntroduction. Open. VPN is a full- featured SSL VPN which implements OSI layer 2 or 3 secure network extension using the industry standard SSL/TLS protocol, supports flexible client authentication methods based on certificates, smart cards, and/or username/password credentials, and allows user or group- specific access control policies using firewall rules applied to the VPN virtual interface. Open. VPN is not a web application proxy and does not operate through a web browser. Open. VPN 2. 0 expands on the capabilities of Open. VPN 1. x by offering a scalable client/server mode, allowing multiple clients to connect to a single Open.

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VPN server process over a single TCP or UDP port. Open. VPN 2. 3 includes a large number of improvements, including full IPv. Polar. SSL support. This document provides step- by- step instructions for configuring an Open. VPN 2. x client/server VPN, including: The impatient may wish to jump straight to the sample configuration files: Intended Audience. This HOWTO assumes that readers possess a prior understanding of basic networking concepts such as IP addresses, DNS names, netmasks, subnets, IP routing, routers, network interfaces, LANs, gateways, and firewall rules.

Additional Documentation. Open. VPN Books. Please take a look at the Open.

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VPN books page. Open. VPN 1. x HOWTOThe original Open. VPN 1. x HOWTO is still available, and remains relevant for point- to- point or static- key configurations. Open. VPN Articles. For additional documentation, see the articles page and the Open.

VPN wiki. Open. VPN Quickstart. While this HOWTO will guide you in setting up a scalable client/server VPN using an X5. PKI (public key infrastruction using certificates and private keys), this might be overkill if you are only looking for a simple VPN setup with a server that can handle a single client. If you would like to get a VPN running quickly with minimal configuration, you might check out the Static Key Mini- HOWTO. Static Key advantages. Simple Setup. No X5.

PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) to maintain. Static Key disadvantages. Limited scalability - - one client, one server. Lack of perfect forward secrecy - - key compromise results in total disclosure of previous sessions. Secret key must exist in plaintext form on each VPN peer. Secret key must be exchanged using a pre- existing secure channel.

Installing Open. VPNOpen. VPN source code and Windows installers can be downloaded here. Recent releases (2. Debian and RPM packages; see the Open. VPN wiki for details. For security, it's a good idea to check the file release signature after downloading. The Open. VPN executable should be installed on both server and client machines, since the single executable provides both client and server functions.

Linux Notes (using RPM package)If you are using a Linux distribution which supports RPM packages (Su. SE, Fedora, Redhat, etc.), it's best to install using this mechanism. The easiest method is to find an existing binary RPM file for your distribution. You can also build your own binary RPM file: rpmbuild - tb openvpn- .

First expand the . Remember that Open. VPN will only run on Windows XP or later. Also note that Open. VPN must be installed and run by a user who has administrative privileges (this restriction is imposed by Windows, not Open. VPN). The restriction can be sidestepped by running Open.

VPN in the background as a service, in which case even non- admin users will be able to access the VPN, once it is installed. More discussion on Open. VPN + Windows privilege issues. Official Open. VPN Windows installers include Open.

VPN- GUI, which allows managing Open. VPN connections from a system tray applet. Other GUI applications are also available. After you've run the Windows installer, Open. VPN is ready for use and will associate itself with files having the .

To run Open. VPN, you can: Right click on an Open. VPN configuration file (. Start Open. VPN on this configuration file. Once running, you can use the F4key to exit. In general, the./configuremakemake installmethod can be used, or you can search for an Open.

VPN port or package which is specific to your OS/distribution. Determining whether to use a routed or bridged VPNSee FAQ for an overview of Routing vs.

Ethernet Bridging. See also the Open. VPN Ethernet Bridging page for more notes and details on bridging.

Overall, routing is probably a better choice for most people, as it is more efficient and easier to set up (as far as the Open. VPN configuration itself) than bridging. Routing also provides a greater ability to selectively control access rights on a client- specific basis. I would recommend using routing unless you need a specific feature which requires bridging, such as: the VPN needs to be able to handle non- IP protocols such as IPX,you are running applications over the VPN which rely on network broadcasts (such as LAN games), oryou would like to allow browsing of Windows file shares across the VPN without setting up a Samba or WINS server. Numbering private subnets.

Setting up a VPN often entails linking together private subnets from different locations. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of the IP address space for private internets (codified in RFC 1.

While addresses from these netblocks should normally be used in VPN configurations, it's important to select addresses that minimize the probability of IP address or subnet conflicts. Disable Weak Ciphers Windows 2003 Registry. The types of conflicts that need to be avoided are: conflicts from different sites on the VPN using the same LAN subnet numbering, orremote access connections from sites which are using private subnets which conflict with your VPN subnets. For example, suppose you use the popular 1.

LAN subnet. Now you are trying to connect to the VPN from an internet cafe which is using the same subnet for its Wi. Fi LAN. You will have a routing conflict because your machine won't know if 1.

Wi. Fi gateway or to the same address on the VPN. As another example, suppose you want to link together multiple sites by VPN, but each site is using 1. LAN subnet. This won't work without adding a complexifying layer of NAT translation, because the VPN won't know how to route packets between multiple sites if those sites don't use a subnet which uniquely identifies them. The best solution is to avoid using 1. LAN network addresses. Instead, use something that has a lower probability of being used in a Wi.

Fi cafe, airport, or hotel where you might expect to connect from remotely. The best candidates are subnets in the middle of the vast 1. And to avoid cross- site IP numbering conflicts, always use unique numbering for your LAN subnets. Setting up your own Certificate Authority (CA) and generating certificates and keys for an Open.

VPN server and multiple clients. Overview. The first step in building an Open. VPN 2. x configuration is to establish a PKI (public key infrastructure).

The PKI consists of: a separate certificate (also known as a public key) and private key for the server and each client, anda master Certificate Authority (CA) certificate and key which is used to sign each of the server and client certificates. Open. VPN supports bidirectional authentication based on certificates, meaning that the client must authenticate the server certificate and the server must authenticate the client certificate before mutual trust is established. Both server and client will authenticate the other by first verifying that the presented certificate was signed by the master certificate authority (CA), and then by testing information in the now- authenticated certificate header, such as the certificate common name or certificate type (client or server). This security model has a number of desirable features from the VPN perspective: The server only needs its own certificate/key - - it doesn't need to know the individual certificates of every client which might possibly connect to it.

Validated FIPS 1. FIPS 1. 40- 2 Cryptographic Modules. Overall Level: 1- Physical Security: N/A- Tested Configuration(s): i. OS 9. 0 running on i. Phone. 4S with Apple A5 CPU with AES hardware accelerationi. OS 9. 0 running on i. Phone. 4S with Apple A5 CPU without AES hardware accelerationi.

OS 9. 0 running on i. Phone. 5 with Apple A6 CPU with AES hardware accelerationi. OS 9. 0 running on i. Phone. 5 with Apple A6 CPU without AES hardware accelerationi. OS 9. 0 running on i.

Phone. 5S with Apple A7 CPUi. OS 9. 0 running on i. Phone. 6 (i. Phone.

Phone. 6 Plus) with Apple A8 CPUi. OS 9. 0 running on i. Phone. 6S (i. Phone. S and i. Phone. 6S Plus) with Apple A9 CPUi.

OS 9. 0 running on i. Pad (3rd generation) with Apple A5. X CPU with AES hardware accelerationi. OS 9. 0 running on i.

Pad (3rd generation) with Apple A5. X CPU without AES hardware accelerationi.

OS 9. 0 running on i. Pad (4th generation) with Apple A6. X CPU with AES hardware accelerationi. OS 9. 0 running on i. Pad (4th generation) with Apple A6.

X CPU without AES hardware accelerationi. OS 9. 0 running on i. Pad Air 2 with Apple A8. X CPUi. OS 9. 1 running on i. Pad Pro with Apple A9.

X CPU (single- user mode)- FIPS Approved algorithms: AES (Certs.