How Catalytic Converters Reduce Pollution - Catalysts. In chemistry, a catalyst is a substance that causes or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected. Catalysts participate in the reactions, but are neither reactants nor products of the reaction they catalyze. In the human body, enzymes are naturally occurring catalysts responsible for many essential biochemical reactions .

Both types consist of a ceramic structure coated with a metal catalyst, usually platinum, rhodium and/or palladium. The idea is to create a structure that exposes the maximum surface area of catalyst to the exhaust stream, while also minimizing the amount of catalyst required, as the materials are extremely expensive. Some of the newest converters have even started to use gold mixed with the more traditional catalysts. Free 1998 Gmc Sonoma Repair Manual on this page. Gold is cheaper than the other materials and could increase oxidation. This refers to the three regulated emissions it helps to reduce. It uses platinum and rhodium to help reduce the NOx emissions. When an NO or NO2 molecule contacts the catalyst, the catalyst rips the nitrogen atom out of the molecule and holds on to it, freeing the oxygen in the form of O2.

The nitrogen atoms bond with other nitrogen atoms that are also stuck to the catalyst, forming N2. For example: 2. NO => N2 + O2 or 2. NO2 => N2 + 2.

Chapter 33 - Toxicology INTRODUCTION. Toxicology is the study of poisons, or, more comprehensively, the identification and quantification of. A reader who does not like to be named says vaporization works but is not well compatible with our piston-type internal combustion engines: Hi. How Catalytic Converters Reduce Pollution - Catalysts are substances that cause or accelerate chemical reactions. Learn about catalysts and find out how catalysts are. Mosquito bites frequently induce a sharp sting in people and some animals, with severe evolutionary consequences for the mosquito when it gets swatted.

Methane decomposition can be utilized to produce CO X-free hydrogen for PEM fuel cells, oil refineries, ammonia and methanol production. Recent research has focused. No one can stop you. You’re in a Plymouth Laser now. Water as fuel, 30 technologies to use the energy of water as solution to the energy crisis are presented here. Automotive Gasoline MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet), Hazards, FAQs, Best Tesing, Air Cleaning, and Health Information.

O2. 2NO => N2 + O2 or 2. NO2 => N2 + 2.

O2. The oxidation catalyst is the second stage of the catalytic converter. It reduces the unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide by burning (oxidizing) them over a platinum and palladium catalyst. This catalyst aids the reaction of the CO and hydrocarbons with the remaining oxygen in the exhaust gas. For example: 2. CO + O2 => 2.

CO2. There are two main types of structures used in catalytic converters - - honeycomb and ceramic beads. Most cars today use a honeycomb structure.

In the next section, we'll look at the third stage of the conversion process and how you can get the most from your catalytic converter.